• Our History
    We have been in laser industry since 2014, that gives us strong forward sense to all kinds of laser applications and 3D printing. Up to Y2022, we have managed to deliver our products to over 100 countries including Europe, America and Asia areas with average 30% annual turnover increase.
    Our Factory
    Our factory is located in Guangdong Province which gives us flexible capability for incoming and outgoing services, it covers 5000 銕?to ensure fast production and service. We set up our sales office in Shenzhen for 7*24 customer response.
    Our Product
    3D Printers: Matrix-MA100, Matrix-MA150, Matrix-MA280, Matrix-450
    3D Printing Service: SLM, SLS, FDM, SLA, DLS
    Product Application
    Orthopedics, Dentistry, Jewelry, Scientific Research, Education, Aerospace etc
    Production Market
    Asia, Europe, America, >30% annual increase since 2018
    Our Service
    Pre-Sales
    - 3D printer and service free consultant
    - sampling
    - Requirement analysis
    - Proposal according to user input
    On-Sales
    - Standard and professional technical training
    - 3D printing machine and process know-how
    - Operation demonstration
    - Maintenance and trouble-shooting
    - Installation and commissioning service
    After-Sales
    - Archive 3D printer operation and maintenance instruction
    - Consultant and newsletter regarding product upgrade and feature update
    - Setup 3D printer spare parts list and inventory, to meet daily production needs
    - Technical service team with regular customer communication and info-exchange
    - 7*24 service response
    After-Warranty
    - Low-cost spare parts supply for customer base
    - Life-time free technical consultant service
    - Machine and software upgrade serviceChina SLM 3D Printing Machine
    website:http://www.mtxlaser.com/
    Our History We have been in laser industry since 2014, that gives us strong forward sense to all kinds of laser applications and 3D printing. Up to Y2022, we have managed to deliver our products to over 100 countries including Europe, America and Asia areas with average 30% annual turnover increase. Our Factory Our factory is located in Guangdong Province which gives us flexible capability for incoming and outgoing services, it covers 5000 銕?to ensure fast production and service. We set up our sales office in Shenzhen for 7*24 customer response. Our Product 3D Printers: Matrix-MA100, Matrix-MA150, Matrix-MA280, Matrix-450 3D Printing Service: SLM, SLS, FDM, SLA, DLS Product Application Orthopedics, Dentistry, Jewelry, Scientific Research, Education, Aerospace etc Production Market Asia, Europe, America, >30% annual increase since 2018 Our Service Pre-Sales - 3D printer and service free consultant - sampling - Requirement analysis - Proposal according to user input On-Sales - Standard and professional technical training - 3D printing machine and process know-how - Operation demonstration - Maintenance and trouble-shooting - Installation and commissioning service After-Sales - Archive 3D printer operation and maintenance instruction - Consultant and newsletter regarding product upgrade and feature update - Setup 3D printer spare parts list and inventory, to meet daily production needs - Technical service team with regular customer communication and info-exchange - 7*24 service response After-Warranty - Low-cost spare parts supply for customer base - Life-time free technical consultant service - Machine and software upgrade serviceChina SLM 3D Printing Machine website:http://www.mtxlaser.com/
    WWW.MTXLASER.COM
    China 3D Printer Manufacturers, Printing Service Suppliers, SLM Printer Factory - MATRIX
    Matrix Laser Technology Co., Ltd: Flexible build size range from 100*100*100mm to 425*425*450mm plus affordable choice to empower your business. Upgrade with our one-stop 3D printing technical solution!
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  • CNC Aluminum Parts
    Custom Metal Processing Service 3/4/5 Axis Precision Aluminum brass stainless steel Cnc Milling Machining Parts
    CNC Aluminum Parts refer to the machined parts made of aluminum alloy using Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines. CNC machines are automated machines controlled by a computerized system that can produce precise and accurate parts with tight tolerances.
    Aluminum is an ideal material for CNC machining due to its excellent strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and good machinability. CNC Aluminum Parts are commonly used in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, electronics, medical, and industrial equipment.
    Some examples of CNC Aluminum Parts are:
    1. CNC machined aluminum enclosures and housings for electronic devices
    2. CNC machined aluminum brackets and mounts for automotive and industrial applications
    3. CNC machined aluminum heat sinks for electronic devices and LED lights
    4. CNC machined aluminum frames for UAVs and drones
    5. CNC machined aluminum wheels and rims for the automotive industry.
    Specification:
    MaterialAluminum , Copper , Brass ,Stainless steel, ABS, POM, PP, PU, PC, PA66, PMMA, PVC, PVE and others as per requirements
    Process range1. Metal and Plastic Rapid Prototype
    2. CNC Machining Parts: Turning, Milling, Stamping, Bending, Welding, Tapping, Riveting, Gear cutting, Wire-cutting, etc.
    3. Customized Aluminum casting
    4. SLA & SLS 3D Printing
    5. Industrial design, 2D & 3D drawings design
    6. Reverse engineering
    7. Silicone mold, Injection mold, Vacuum casting
    8. Tooling and Fixture Designing and Processiing
    Surface Treatment/FinishAnodize, Chromate, Electrolytic Plating, Nickel Plating, Galvanize, Tempered, Paint, Powder Coating, Polish etc.
    Heat treatment capabilityAnnealing, Normalizing , Nitriding, Tempering , Carbonitriding
    ApplicationAutomotive, Automation, Test systems, Sensors, Medical, Sports, Consumer, Home appliance,Electronic, Pumps, Computers, Power and energy, Architecture, Printing, Food, Textile machinery, Optical, Lighting, Security and safety, AOI,SMT equipment, etc.
    InspectionIn-house or third party, all the products are strictly inspected by skilled QC
    Service TypeOEM & ODM
    Product Display:

    Certificate锛?/strong>

    Why Choose us?

    Package & Delivery:

    FAQ:
    Q: Who we are?
    A: We are based in Guangdong, China, start from 2010,sell to North America(42.00%),Western Europe(25.00%),Southeast Asia(7.00%),Oceania(7.00%),South America(6.00%),Domestic Market(5.00%),Eastern Europe(3.00%),Northern Europe(3.00%),Africa(2.00%). There are total about 51-100 people in our office.
    Q. What finishes can you provide?
    A: powder coating, polishing, zinc/nickel /chrome plating, anodized and so on.
    Q. How can we guarantee quality?
    A. Always a pre-production sample before mass production;
    Always final Inspection before shipment;
    Q. Is small quantity available?
    A: Yes, small quantity for trial order is available.
    Please feel free to contact us if you have any question or ideas, we are here for you all the time!CNC Lathe Precision Parts manufacturers
    website:http://www.o-met.cn/molded-precision-components/cnc-lathe-precision-parts/
    CNC Aluminum Parts Custom Metal Processing Service 3/4/5 Axis Precision Aluminum brass stainless steel Cnc Milling Machining Parts CNC Aluminum Parts refer to the machined parts made of aluminum alloy using Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines. CNC machines are automated machines controlled by a computerized system that can produce precise and accurate parts with tight tolerances. Aluminum is an ideal material for CNC machining due to its excellent strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and good machinability. CNC Aluminum Parts are commonly used in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, electronics, medical, and industrial equipment. Some examples of CNC Aluminum Parts are: 1. CNC machined aluminum enclosures and housings for electronic devices 2. CNC machined aluminum brackets and mounts for automotive and industrial applications 3. CNC machined aluminum heat sinks for electronic devices and LED lights 4. CNC machined aluminum frames for UAVs and drones 5. CNC machined aluminum wheels and rims for the automotive industry. Specification: MaterialAluminum , Copper , Brass ,Stainless steel, ABS, POM, PP, PU, PC, PA66, PMMA, PVC, PVE and others as per requirements Process range1. Metal and Plastic Rapid Prototype 2. CNC Machining Parts: Turning, Milling, Stamping, Bending, Welding, Tapping, Riveting, Gear cutting, Wire-cutting, etc. 3. Customized Aluminum casting 4. SLA & SLS 3D Printing 5. Industrial design, 2D & 3D drawings design 6. Reverse engineering 7. Silicone mold, Injection mold, Vacuum casting 8. Tooling and Fixture Designing and Processiing Surface Treatment/FinishAnodize, Chromate, Electrolytic Plating, Nickel Plating, Galvanize, Tempered, Paint, Powder Coating, Polish etc. Heat treatment capabilityAnnealing, Normalizing , Nitriding, Tempering , Carbonitriding ApplicationAutomotive, Automation, Test systems, Sensors, Medical, Sports, Consumer, Home appliance,Electronic, Pumps, Computers, Power and energy, Architecture, Printing, Food, Textile machinery, Optical, Lighting, Security and safety, AOI,SMT equipment, etc. InspectionIn-house or third party, all the products are strictly inspected by skilled QC Service TypeOEM & ODM Product Display: Certificate锛?/strong> Why Choose us? Package & Delivery: FAQ: Q: Who we are? A: We are based in Guangdong, China, start from 2010,sell to North America(42.00%),Western Europe(25.00%),Southeast Asia(7.00%),Oceania(7.00%),South America(6.00%),Domestic Market(5.00%),Eastern Europe(3.00%),Northern Europe(3.00%),Africa(2.00%). There are total about 51-100 people in our office. Q. What finishes can you provide? A: powder coating, polishing, zinc/nickel /chrome plating, anodized and so on. Q. How can we guarantee quality? A. Always a pre-production sample before mass production; Always final Inspection before shipment; Q. Is small quantity available? A: Yes, small quantity for trial order is available. Please feel free to contact us if you have any question or ideas, we are here for you all the time!CNC Lathe Precision Parts manufacturers website:http://www.o-met.cn/molded-precision-components/cnc-lathe-precision-parts/
    WWW.O-MET.CN
    China Discount CNC Lathe Precision Parts Manufacturers Factory - Wholesale Service
    SHENGRUI is one of the most professional cnc lathe precision parts manufacturers in China, featured by quality products and good service. If you're going to wholesale discount cnc lathe precision parts, welcome to get quotation and free sample from our factory.
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  • Saint Laurent Medium Envelope Bag In Black Grained Leather https://www.yslsbags.com/images/BAGS/Saint-Laurent-Medium-Envelope-Bag-In-Black-Grained-Leather.jpg https://www.yslsbags.com/envelope-c-103/saint-laurent-medium-envelope-bag-in-black-grained-leather-p-1042.html
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  • Saint Laurent Kaia North South Bag In Black Leather https://www.yslsbags.com/images/BAGS/Saint-Laurent-Kaia-North-South-Bag-In-Black-Leather.jpg https://www.yslsbags.com/kaia-c-104/saint-laurent-kaia-north-south-bag-in-black-leather-p-1054.html
    Saint Laurent Kaia North South Bag In Black Leather https://www.yslsbags.com/images/BAGS/Saint-Laurent-Kaia-North-South-Bag-In-Black-Leather.jpg https://www.yslsbags.com/kaia-c-104/saint-laurent-kaia-north-south-bag-in-black-leather-p-1054.html
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  • Saint Laurent Black Envelope Belt Bag https://www.yslsbags.com/images/BAGS/Saint-Laurent-Black-Envelope-Belt-Bag.jpg https://www.yslsbags.com/belt-bags-c-100/saint-laurent-black-envelope-belt-bag-p-992.html
    Saint Laurent Black Envelope Belt Bag https://www.yslsbags.com/images/BAGS/Saint-Laurent-Black-Envelope-Belt-Bag.jpg https://www.yslsbags.com/belt-bags-c-100/saint-laurent-black-envelope-belt-bag-p-992.html
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  • NASA Artemis Crew Transportation Vehicle (CTV) Demo | Kennedy Space Center
    This is an example of the type of vehicle NASA's Artemis astronauts will use on the drive to the launchpad for crewed missions to the Moon starting with Artemis II & Artemis III at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Canoo Technologies Inc., was awarded a contract to design and provide the next generation of Crew transportation vehicles (CTVs) for the Artemis crewed missions.

    Representatives with Canoo were at the spaceport on May 11, 2022, demonstrating the environmentally friendly fleet of vehicles. Artemis II will be the first Artemis mission flying crew aboard the Orion spacecraft. NASA will land the first woman and the first person of color on the surface of the Moon on Artemis II, paving the way for a long-term lunar presence and serving as a steppingstone on the way to Mars.

    Image 1
    A concept design of a crew transportation vehicle (CTV) for Artemis crewed missions is driven inside the transfer aisle of the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 11, 2022.

    Image 2
    Prototypes of the crew transportation vehicle (CTV) for Artemis crewed missions are driven out to Launch Complex 39B at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 11, 2022.

    Images 3 & 4
    Technicians from Johnson Space Center, dressed in flight suits, secure themselves inside a prototype of a crew transportation vehicle (CTV) for Artemis crewed missions outside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 11, 2022.

    Image 5
    Kennedy Space Center Director Janet Petro, at right test drives a concept design crew transportation vehicle (CTV) for Artemis crewed missions on May 11, 2022. With her, from left, are Charlie Blackwell-Thompson, Artemis I launch director, and Josette Sheeran, president of Canoo Technologies, Inc.

    Canoo's website:
    https://www.canoo.com

    Learn more about NASA's Artemis Program:
    https://lnkd.in/eVpAUqgK
    https://lnkd.in/ePAx7JMV

    Credit: NASA's Kennedy Space Center/Kim Shiflett
    Capture Date: May 11, 2022
    NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    Janet Petro
    Barbara Zelon
    Bob Jacobs
    Canoo
    European Space Agency - ESA
    German Aerospace Center (DLR)
    Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
    Centre National d'Études Spatiales
    JAXA: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
    Canadian Space Agency | Agence spatiale canadienne
    UAE Space Agency
    UK Space Agency
    Australian Space Agency
    ISRO
    AIAA
    Association of Space Explorers
    National Space Society
    Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS)
    SEDS Canada
    Space Generation Advisory Council
    Canadian Space Society
    ASME (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers)

    #NASA #ESA #Space #Moon #Artemis #ArtemisII #ArtemisIII #SLS #Rocket #DeepSpace #Orion #Spacecraft #Astronauts #Mars #JourneyToMars #MoonToMars #Science #Engineering #Technology #SolarSystem #Exploration #KSC #CTV #Canoo #Florida #Spaceport #UnitedStates #Europe #STEM #Education
    NASA Artemis Crew Transportation Vehicle (CTV) Demo | Kennedy Space Center This is an example of the type of vehicle NASA's Artemis astronauts will use on the drive to the launchpad for crewed missions to the Moon starting with Artemis II & Artemis III at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Canoo Technologies Inc., was awarded a contract to design and provide the next generation of Crew transportation vehicles (CTVs) for the Artemis crewed missions. Representatives with Canoo were at the spaceport on May 11, 2022, demonstrating the environmentally friendly fleet of vehicles. Artemis II will be the first Artemis mission flying crew aboard the Orion spacecraft. NASA will land the first woman and the first person of color on the surface of the Moon on Artemis II, paving the way for a long-term lunar presence and serving as a steppingstone on the way to Mars. Image 1 A concept design of a crew transportation vehicle (CTV) for Artemis crewed missions is driven inside the transfer aisle of the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 11, 2022. Image 2 Prototypes of the crew transportation vehicle (CTV) for Artemis crewed missions are driven out to Launch Complex 39B at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 11, 2022. Images 3 & 4 Technicians from Johnson Space Center, dressed in flight suits, secure themselves inside a prototype of a crew transportation vehicle (CTV) for Artemis crewed missions outside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 11, 2022. Image 5 Kennedy Space Center Director Janet Petro, at right test drives a concept design crew transportation vehicle (CTV) for Artemis crewed missions on May 11, 2022. With her, from left, are Charlie Blackwell-Thompson, Artemis I launch director, and Josette Sheeran, president of Canoo Technologies, Inc. Canoo's website: https://www.canoo.com Learn more about NASA's Artemis Program: https://lnkd.in/eVpAUqgK https://lnkd.in/ePAx7JMV Credit: NASA's Kennedy Space Center/Kim Shiflett Capture Date: May 11, 2022 NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration Janet Petro Barbara Zelon Bob Jacobs Canoo European Space Agency - ESA German Aerospace Center (DLR) Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Centre National d'Études Spatiales JAXA: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Canadian Space Agency | Agence spatiale canadienne UAE Space Agency UK Space Agency Australian Space Agency ISRO AIAA Association of Space Explorers National Space Society Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS) SEDS Canada Space Generation Advisory Council Canadian Space Society ASME (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers) #NASA #ESA #Space #Moon #Artemis #ArtemisII #ArtemisIII #SLS #Rocket #DeepSpace #Orion #Spacecraft #Astronauts #Mars #JourneyToMars #MoonToMars #Science #Engineering #Technology #SolarSystem #Exploration #KSC #CTV #Canoo #Florida #Spaceport #UnitedStates #Europe #STEM #Education
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  • Historical context:

    After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the Mughal Empire fell apart and declined in its ability to tax or govern most of the Indian subcontinent. In the northwestern region, particularly the Punjab, the creation of the Khalsa community of Sikh warriors by Guru Gobind Singh accelerated the decay and fragmentation of the Mughal power in the region. Raiding Afghans attacked the Indus river valleys but met resistance from both organised armies of the Khalsa Sikhs as well as irregular Khalsa militias based in villages. The Sikhs had appointed their own zamindars, replacing the previous Muslim revenue collectors, which provided resources to feed and strengthen the warriors aligned with Sikh interests. Meanwhile, colonial traders and the East India Company had begun operations in India on its eastern and western coasts.

    By the second half of the 18th century, the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent (now Pakistan and parts of north India) were a collection of fourteen small warring regions. Of the fourteen, twelve were Sikh-controlled misls (confederacies), one named Kasur (near Lahore) was Muslim controlled, and one in the southeast was led by an Englishman named George Thomas. This region constituted the fertile and productive valleys of the five rivers – Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Bias and Sutlej. The Sikh misls were all under the control of the Khalsa fraternity of Sikh warriors, but they were not united and constantly warred with each other over revenue collection, disagreements, and local priorities; however, in the event of external invasion such as from the Muslim armies of Ahmed Shah Abdali from Afghanistan, they would usually unite.

    Towards the end of 18th century, the five most powerful misls were those of Sukkarchakkia, Kanhayas, Nakkais, Ahluwalias and Bhangi Sikhs. Ranjit Singh belonged to the first, and through marriage had a reliable alliance with Kanhayas and Nakkais.Among the smaller misls, some such as the Phulkias misl had switched loyalties in the late 18th century and supported the Afghan army invasion against their Khalsa brethren. The Kasur region, ruled by Muslim, always supported the Afghan invasion forces and joined them in plundering Sikh misls during the war.
    Historical context: After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the Mughal Empire fell apart and declined in its ability to tax or govern most of the Indian subcontinent. In the northwestern region, particularly the Punjab, the creation of the Khalsa community of Sikh warriors by Guru Gobind Singh accelerated the decay and fragmentation of the Mughal power in the region. Raiding Afghans attacked the Indus river valleys but met resistance from both organised armies of the Khalsa Sikhs as well as irregular Khalsa militias based in villages. The Sikhs had appointed their own zamindars, replacing the previous Muslim revenue collectors, which provided resources to feed and strengthen the warriors aligned with Sikh interests. Meanwhile, colonial traders and the East India Company had begun operations in India on its eastern and western coasts. By the second half of the 18th century, the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent (now Pakistan and parts of north India) were a collection of fourteen small warring regions. Of the fourteen, twelve were Sikh-controlled misls (confederacies), one named Kasur (near Lahore) was Muslim controlled, and one in the southeast was led by an Englishman named George Thomas. This region constituted the fertile and productive valleys of the five rivers – Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Bias and Sutlej. The Sikh misls were all under the control of the Khalsa fraternity of Sikh warriors, but they were not united and constantly warred with each other over revenue collection, disagreements, and local priorities; however, in the event of external invasion such as from the Muslim armies of Ahmed Shah Abdali from Afghanistan, they would usually unite. Towards the end of 18th century, the five most powerful misls were those of Sukkarchakkia, Kanhayas, Nakkais, Ahluwalias and Bhangi Sikhs. Ranjit Singh belonged to the first, and through marriage had a reliable alliance with Kanhayas and Nakkais.Among the smaller misls, some such as the Phulkias misl had switched loyalties in the late 18th century and supported the Afghan army invasion against their Khalsa brethren. The Kasur region, ruled by Muslim, always supported the Afghan invasion forces and joined them in plundering Sikh misls during the war.
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  • Wives:

    In 1789, Ranjit Singh married his first wife Mehtab Kaur, the muklawa happened in 1796. She was the only daughter of Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya and his wife Sada Kaur, and the granddaughter of Jai Singh Kanhaiya, the founder of the Kanhaiya Misl. This marriage was pre-arranged in an attempt to reconcile warring Sikh misls, wherein Mehtab Kaur was betrothed to Ranjit Singh in 1786. However, the marriage failed, with Mehtab Kaur never forgiving the fact that her father had been killed in battle with Ranjit Singh's father and she mainly lived with her mother after marriage. The separation became complete when Ranjit Singh married Datar Kaur of the Nakai Misl in 1797 and she turned into Ranjit's most beloved wife. Mehtab Kaur had three sons, Ishar Singh who was born in 1804 and twins Sher Singh and Tara Singh born in 1807. According to historian Jean-Marie Lafont, she was the only one to bear the title of Maharani. She died in 1813, after suffering from a failing health.

    His second marriage was to, Datar Kaur (Born Raj Kaur) the youngest child and only daughter of Ran Singh Nakai, the third ruler of the Nakai Misl and his wife Karmo Kaur. They were betrothed in childhood by Datar Kaur's eldest brother, Sardar Bhagwan Singh, who briefly became the chief of the Nakai Misl, and Ranjit Singh's father Maha Singh. The anand karaj took place in 1792 and the muklawa happened in 1797; this marriage was a happy one. Ranjit Singh always treated Raj Kaur with love and respect. Since Raj Kaur was also the name of Ranjit Singh's mother, she was renamed Datar Kaur. In 1801, she gave birth to their son and heir apparent, Kharak Singh. Four years later she gave birth to another son, Rattan Singh. Like his first marriage, the second marriage also brought him strategic military alliance. She was exceptionally intelligent and assisted him in affairs of the State. During the expedition to Multan in 1818, she was given command alongside her son, Kharak Singh. Throughout her life she remained Ranjit Singh's favorite and for no other did he have greater respect for than Datar Kaur, who he affectionately called Mai Nakain. Even though she was his second wife she became his principal wife and chief consort. During a hunting trip with Ranjit Singh, she fell ill and died on 20 June 1838.
    Ratan Kaur and Daya Kaur were wives of Sahib Singh Bhangi of Gujrat (a misl north of Lahore, not to be confused the state of Gujarat). After Sahib Singh's death, Ranjit Singh took them under his protection in 1811 by marrying them via the rite of chādar andāzī, in which a cloth sheet was unfurled over each of their heads. The same with Roop Kaur, Gulab Kaur, Saman Kaur, and Lakshmi Kaur, looked after Duleep Singh when his mother Jind Kaur was exiled. Ratan Kaur had a son Multana Singh in 1819, and Daya Kaur had two sons Kashmira Singh and Pashaura Singh in 1821.

    Jind Kaur, the final spouse of Ranjit Singh. Her father, Manna Singh Aulakh, extolled her virtues to Ranjit Singh, who was concerned about the frail health of his only heir Kharak Singh. The Maharaja married her in 1835 by 'sending his arrow and sword to her village'. On 6 September 1838 she gave birth to Duleep Singh, who became the last Maharaja of the Sikh Empire.

    His other wives included, Mehtab Devi of Kangara also called Guddan or Katochan and Raj Banso, daughters of Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra.

    He was also married to Rani Har Devi of Atalgarh, Rani Aso Sircar and Rani Jag Deo According to the diaries, that Duleep Singh kept towards the end of his life, that these women presented the Maharaja with four daughters. Dr. Priya Atwal notes that the daughters could be adopted. Ranjit Singh was also married to Jind Bani or Jind Kulan, daughter of Muhammad Pathan from Mankera and Gul Bano, daughter of Malik Akhtar from Amritsar.

    Ranjit Singh married many times, in various ceremonies, and had twenty wives. Sir Lepel Griffin, however, provides a list of just sixteen wives and their pension list. Most of his marriages were performed through chādar andāz. Some scholars note that the information on Ranjit Singh's marriages is unclear, and there is evidence that he had many concubines. Dr. Priya Atwal presents an official list of Ranjit Singh's thirty wives. The women married through chādar andāzī were noted as concubines and were known as the lesser title of Rani (queen).While Mehtab Kaur and Datar Kaur officially bore the title of Maharani (high queen), Datar Kaur officially became the Maharani after the death of Mehtab Kaur in 1813. Throughout her life was referred to as Sarkar Rani. After her death, the title was held by Ranjit's youngest widow Jind Kaur.According to Khushwant Singh in an 1889 interview with the French journal Le Voltaire, his son Dalip (Duleep) Singh remarked, "I am the son of one of my father's forty-six wives." Dr. Priya Atwal notes that Ranjit Singh and his heirs entered a total of 46 marriages. But Ranjit Singh was known not be a "rash sensualist" and commanded unusual respect in the eyes of others. Faqir Sayyid Vaḥiduddin states: "If there was one thing in which Ranjit Singh failed to excel or even equal the average monarch of oriental history, it was the size of his harem." George Keene noted, “In hundreds and in thousands the orderly crowds stream on. Not a bough is broken of a wayside tree, not a rude remark to a woman”.
    Wives: In 1789, Ranjit Singh married his first wife Mehtab Kaur, the muklawa happened in 1796. She was the only daughter of Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya and his wife Sada Kaur, and the granddaughter of Jai Singh Kanhaiya, the founder of the Kanhaiya Misl. This marriage was pre-arranged in an attempt to reconcile warring Sikh misls, wherein Mehtab Kaur was betrothed to Ranjit Singh in 1786. However, the marriage failed, with Mehtab Kaur never forgiving the fact that her father had been killed in battle with Ranjit Singh's father and she mainly lived with her mother after marriage. The separation became complete when Ranjit Singh married Datar Kaur of the Nakai Misl in 1797 and she turned into Ranjit's most beloved wife. Mehtab Kaur had three sons, Ishar Singh who was born in 1804 and twins Sher Singh and Tara Singh born in 1807. According to historian Jean-Marie Lafont, she was the only one to bear the title of Maharani. She died in 1813, after suffering from a failing health. His second marriage was to, Datar Kaur (Born Raj Kaur) the youngest child and only daughter of Ran Singh Nakai, the third ruler of the Nakai Misl and his wife Karmo Kaur. They were betrothed in childhood by Datar Kaur's eldest brother, Sardar Bhagwan Singh, who briefly became the chief of the Nakai Misl, and Ranjit Singh's father Maha Singh. The anand karaj took place in 1792 and the muklawa happened in 1797; this marriage was a happy one. Ranjit Singh always treated Raj Kaur with love and respect. Since Raj Kaur was also the name of Ranjit Singh's mother, she was renamed Datar Kaur. In 1801, she gave birth to their son and heir apparent, Kharak Singh. Four years later she gave birth to another son, Rattan Singh. Like his first marriage, the second marriage also brought him strategic military alliance. She was exceptionally intelligent and assisted him in affairs of the State. During the expedition to Multan in 1818, she was given command alongside her son, Kharak Singh. Throughout her life she remained Ranjit Singh's favorite and for no other did he have greater respect for than Datar Kaur, who he affectionately called Mai Nakain. Even though she was his second wife she became his principal wife and chief consort. During a hunting trip with Ranjit Singh, she fell ill and died on 20 June 1838. Ratan Kaur and Daya Kaur were wives of Sahib Singh Bhangi of Gujrat (a misl north of Lahore, not to be confused the state of Gujarat). After Sahib Singh's death, Ranjit Singh took them under his protection in 1811 by marrying them via the rite of chādar andāzī, in which a cloth sheet was unfurled over each of their heads. The same with Roop Kaur, Gulab Kaur, Saman Kaur, and Lakshmi Kaur, looked after Duleep Singh when his mother Jind Kaur was exiled. Ratan Kaur had a son Multana Singh in 1819, and Daya Kaur had two sons Kashmira Singh and Pashaura Singh in 1821. Jind Kaur, the final spouse of Ranjit Singh. Her father, Manna Singh Aulakh, extolled her virtues to Ranjit Singh, who was concerned about the frail health of his only heir Kharak Singh. The Maharaja married her in 1835 by 'sending his arrow and sword to her village'. On 6 September 1838 she gave birth to Duleep Singh, who became the last Maharaja of the Sikh Empire. His other wives included, Mehtab Devi of Kangara also called Guddan or Katochan and Raj Banso, daughters of Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra. He was also married to Rani Har Devi of Atalgarh, Rani Aso Sircar and Rani Jag Deo According to the diaries, that Duleep Singh kept towards the end of his life, that these women presented the Maharaja with four daughters. Dr. Priya Atwal notes that the daughters could be adopted. Ranjit Singh was also married to Jind Bani or Jind Kulan, daughter of Muhammad Pathan from Mankera and Gul Bano, daughter of Malik Akhtar from Amritsar. Ranjit Singh married many times, in various ceremonies, and had twenty wives. Sir Lepel Griffin, however, provides a list of just sixteen wives and their pension list. Most of his marriages were performed through chādar andāz. Some scholars note that the information on Ranjit Singh's marriages is unclear, and there is evidence that he had many concubines. Dr. Priya Atwal presents an official list of Ranjit Singh's thirty wives. The women married through chādar andāzī were noted as concubines and were known as the lesser title of Rani (queen).While Mehtab Kaur and Datar Kaur officially bore the title of Maharani (high queen), Datar Kaur officially became the Maharani after the death of Mehtab Kaur in 1813. Throughout her life was referred to as Sarkar Rani. After her death, the title was held by Ranjit's youngest widow Jind Kaur.According to Khushwant Singh in an 1889 interview with the French journal Le Voltaire, his son Dalip (Duleep) Singh remarked, "I am the son of one of my father's forty-six wives." Dr. Priya Atwal notes that Ranjit Singh and his heirs entered a total of 46 marriages. But Ranjit Singh was known not be a "rash sensualist" and commanded unusual respect in the eyes of others. Faqir Sayyid Vaḥiduddin states: "If there was one thing in which Ranjit Singh failed to excel or even equal the average monarch of oriental history, it was the size of his harem." George Keene noted, “In hundreds and in thousands the orderly crowds stream on. Not a bough is broken of a wayside tree, not a rude remark to a woman”.
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  • Ranjit Singh:

    Ranjit Singh (2 November 1780 – 27 June 1839), popularly known as Sher-e-Punjab or "Lion of Punjab", was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century. He survived smallpox in infancy but lost sight in his left eye. He fought his first battle alongside his father at age 10. After his father died, he fought several wars to expel the Afghans in his teenage years and was proclaimed as the "Maharaja of Punjab" at age 21. His empire grew in the Punjab region under his leadership through 1839.

    Prior to his rise, the Punjab region had numerous warring misls (confederacies), twelve of which were under Sikh rulers and one Muslim. Ranjit Singh successfully absorbed and united the Sikh misls and took over other local kingdoms to create the Sikh Empire. He repeatedly defeated invasions by outside armies, particularly those arriving from Afghanistan, and established friendly relations with the British.

    Ranjit Singh's reign introduced reforms, modernisation, investment into infrastructure and general prosperity. His Khalsa army and government included Sikhs, Hindus, Muslims and Europeans. His legacy includes a period of Sikh cultural and artistic renaissance, including the rebuilding of the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar as well as other major gurudwaras, including Takht Sri Patna Sahib, Bihar and Hazur Sahib Nanded, Maharashtra under his sponsorship. Ranjit Singh was succeeded by his son Kharak Singh.
    Ranjit Singh: Ranjit Singh (2 November 1780 – 27 June 1839), popularly known as Sher-e-Punjab or "Lion of Punjab", was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century. He survived smallpox in infancy but lost sight in his left eye. He fought his first battle alongside his father at age 10. After his father died, he fought several wars to expel the Afghans in his teenage years and was proclaimed as the "Maharaja of Punjab" at age 21. His empire grew in the Punjab region under his leadership through 1839. Prior to his rise, the Punjab region had numerous warring misls (confederacies), twelve of which were under Sikh rulers and one Muslim. Ranjit Singh successfully absorbed and united the Sikh misls and took over other local kingdoms to create the Sikh Empire. He repeatedly defeated invasions by outside armies, particularly those arriving from Afghanistan, and established friendly relations with the British. Ranjit Singh's reign introduced reforms, modernisation, investment into infrastructure and general prosperity. His Khalsa army and government included Sikhs, Hindus, Muslims and Europeans. His legacy includes a period of Sikh cultural and artistic renaissance, including the rebuilding of the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar as well as other major gurudwaras, including Takht Sri Patna Sahib, Bihar and Hazur Sahib Nanded, Maharashtra under his sponsorship. Ranjit Singh was succeeded by his son Kharak Singh.
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  • Sikh Empire Began:

    The formal start of the Sikh Empire began with the unification of the Misls by 1801, creating a unified political state. All the Misl leaders, who were affiliated with the army, were the nobility with usually long and prestigious family backgrounds in Sikh history.
    The main geographical footprint of the empire was from the Punjab region to Khyber Pass in the west, to Kashmir in the north, Sindh in the south, and Tibet in the east.
    In 1799 Ranjit Singh moved the capital to Lahore from Gujranwala, where it had been established in 1763 by his grandfather, Charat Singh.
    Ranjit Singh holding court in 1838 CE
    Hari Singh Nalwa was Commander-in-Chief of the Sikh Khalsa Army from 1825 to 1837. He is known for his role in the conquests of Kasur, Sialkot, Multan, Kashmir, Attock and Peshawar. Nalwa led the Sikh army in freeing Shah Shuja from Kashmir and secured the Koh-i-Nor diamond for Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He served as governor of Kashmir and Hazara and established a mint on behalf of the Sikh empire to facilitate revenue collection. His frontier policy of holding the Khyber Pass was later used by the British Raj. Nalwa was responsible for expanding the frontier of Sikh empire to the Indus River. At the time of his death, the western boundary of the Sikh Empire was the Khyber Pass.
    Sikh Empire Began: The formal start of the Sikh Empire began with the unification of the Misls by 1801, creating a unified political state. All the Misl leaders, who were affiliated with the army, were the nobility with usually long and prestigious family backgrounds in Sikh history. The main geographical footprint of the empire was from the Punjab region to Khyber Pass in the west, to Kashmir in the north, Sindh in the south, and Tibet in the east. In 1799 Ranjit Singh moved the capital to Lahore from Gujranwala, where it had been established in 1763 by his grandfather, Charat Singh. Ranjit Singh holding court in 1838 CE Hari Singh Nalwa was Commander-in-Chief of the Sikh Khalsa Army from 1825 to 1837. He is known for his role in the conquests of Kasur, Sialkot, Multan, Kashmir, Attock and Peshawar. Nalwa led the Sikh army in freeing Shah Shuja from Kashmir and secured the Koh-i-Nor diamond for Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He served as governor of Kashmir and Hazara and established a mint on behalf of the Sikh empire to facilitate revenue collection. His frontier policy of holding the Khyber Pass was later used by the British Raj. Nalwa was responsible for expanding the frontier of Sikh empire to the Indus River. At the time of his death, the western boundary of the Sikh Empire was the Khyber Pass.
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