Introduction: The size of the cryocooler market was estimated at USD 2.8 billion in 2022. Over the course of the forecast period (2023–2032), the market for heat exchangers is expected to rise at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.10%, from USD 3.0 billion in 2023 to USD 5.2 billion by 2032. In the ever-evolving landscape of scientific and industrial applications, the demand for...