Given the vast organic waste and resource generation possible and the exponential increase in waste, disposition of biomass-based gasification technologies is important for managing waste sustainably, and generating hydrogen, at lower costs. Together with hydrogen from electrolysis, bio-hydrogen will play a pivotal role in supporting clean hydrogen ambitions in the future. 

Defining Biomass
Biomass is the remainder of organic matter coming from living things and has Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Phosphorus, Oxygen, etc. It is an extensively obtainable renewable energy source, with a potential to be turned into useful bioproduct and chemicals through pyrolysis, gasification, combustion involving oxygen, heat and steam.

Biomass gasification is the conversion of organic materials in closed, vessels at high temperatures. It is an easy, dependable, and affordable process, coming in handy for the production of biofuel, syngas, hydrogen, and electricity. Biomass gasification does not add considerably to the carbon levels as the biomass utilized for feedstock has already absorbed CO2 from the atmosphere. Besides being carbon neutral, biomass gasification can result in carbon negative by seizing CO2.

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Biomass Gasification
Gasification is the process, the wet biomass is dehydrated by revealing to a low temperature of 150 degree Celsius and then heated to a temperature of 800 to 900 degree Celsius, accompanied by an oxidizing agent in a gasifier. 

The dry waste residue initially experiences degradation with augmented heat and then goes through the volatilization and collapse of solid intricate hydrocarbons into flammable gas such as hydrogen, syngas, tar etc. Syngas can be treated for producing more impurities and hydrogen can be removed by adsorption shift or membrane separation for getting hydrogen with 99.9% purity. 

Temperature and biomass-oxidizing agent’s ratio are main factors affecting the performance of the procedure. About 12-14 kgs of biomass is needed to produce 1 kg of hydrogen.

Coming to a Close
It is because of the unsustainability of fossil fuels all over the world, the demand will reach a value of USD 187.3 billion by the end of this decade.