In the field of modern engineering construction, concrete is a key building material. The efficiency and quality of its preparation and transportation have a decisive impact on the progress and quality of the entire project. The emergence of self-loading concrete mixer trucks has brought revolutionary changes to concrete production. With its unique functions and significant advantages, it has become an indispensable equipment in various construction projects. ​

I. Structure and working principle of self-loading concrete mixer trucks ​

(I) Structural composition ​

The self-loading concrete mixer truck is mainly composed of a car chassis, a mixing drum, a transmission system, a water supply device, a full-power power take-off, a mixing drum front and rear brackets, a reducer, a hydraulic transmission system, a feeding and discharging system, and an operating mechanism. Among them, the car chassis provides mobility for the entire equipment. Different models of chassis differ in carrying capacity, power performance, and off-road performance to adapt to different construction environments. The mixing drum is the core component of concrete mixing. It is usually designed with special mixing blades inside. It adopts a three-dimensional double-helix mixing design, which can effectively improve the mixing efficiency and uniformity, making the excess rate of concrete as low as 0.6%, which is better than the international standard of 2% and the industry standard of 0.7%-1%. The transmission system is responsible for transmitting the power of the engine to the mixing drum to realize the rotation of the mixing drum. Its power source generally comes from the power take-off at the rear end of the engine, which transmits the power to the hydraulic pump through the transmission shaft, and then the motor reducer drives the mixing drum to operate. The water supply device is used to provide an appropriate amount of water for concrete mixing to ensure the accuracy of the concrete mix ratio. ​

(II) Working principle​

When the self-loading mixer truck is working, it first loads raw materials such as sand, gravel, and cement directly from the material pile or silo through the automatic loading system equipped on the vehicle, such as the bucket or conveyor belt at the front end. After these raw materials enter the mixing drum, the mixing drum begins to rotate, and the internal mixing blades fully mix the raw materials. During the mixing process, the water supply device will add an appropriate amount of water to the mixing drum according to the preset ratio, so that various raw materials are evenly mixed to form concrete that meets the requirements. During transportation, the mixing drum continues to rotate at a low speed to prevent the concrete from segregating and initial setting. When arriving at the construction site, the mixing drum is tilted by controlling the hydraulic system to unload the mixed concrete, completing the entire workflow.​

II. Significant advantages of self-loading concrete mixer trucks​

(I) High degree of automation, improving production efficiency​

One of the biggest advantages of self-loading concrete mixer trucks is its highly automated workflow. It can automatically complete a series of work steps such as loading, batching, mixing, and unloading without a lot of manual intervention. Compared with the traditional concrete mixing method, it reduces the manual operation links and greatly shortens the time of concrete production. For example, the Luzun automatic loading mixer truck can discharge about 20 cubic meters per hour, and the daily output is about 500 tons of concrete. However, the amount of concrete that can be mixed per hour by manual mixing or using ordinary mixers is very limited, and the efficiency is far lower than that of self-loading mixer trucks. This efficient production capacity can greatly speed up the progress of engineering construction and meet the large demand for concrete in large-scale projects. ​

(II) Good mixing quality to ensure the quality of concrete​

Its high-efficiency mixer and scientifically designed mixing drum structure can fully mix raw materials such as feed, cement, sand and gravel. The forced mixing method makes the concrete subject to strong mechanical action during the mixing process, and various components can be evenly distributed, ensuring the stability and consistency of concrete quality. Whether it is high-strength concrete or concrete with special requirements for working performance, self-loading mixer trucks can complete the mixing task excellently, providing solid guarantee for the strength and durability of engineering structures. Good mixing quality can also reduce the problems of water seepage and segregation of concrete during construction, improve the construction performance of concrete, facilitate pouring and vibration, and improve the appearance quality and internal quality of concrete structures. ​

(III) Energy saving and environmental protection, in line with the concept of sustainable development​

In terms of power system, modern self-loading concrete mixer trucks adopt an efficient and environmentally friendly design. The engine usually has good fuel economy, which can reduce fuel consumption and reduce operating costs while ensuring power output. At the same time, the exhaust emissions of the vehicle are strictly controlled to meet national environmental protection standards, reducing pollution to the construction site and the surrounding environment. Some advanced models also use hybrid or electric drive technology to further reduce carbon emissions. During the mixing process, due to its efficient mixing method, the mixing task can be completed in a shorter time, reducing the operating time of the equipment, thereby reducing energy consumption. For example, compared with traditional mixing methods, self-loading mixer trucks can save about 20%-30% of energy when completing the same output of concrete mixing. This energy-saving and environmentally friendly feature not only meets the current social requirements for sustainable development, but also establishes a good environmental image for construction companies. ​

(IV) Flexible and convenient, adaptable to complex construction environments

The body design of the self-loading mixer truck is compact, with a small turning radius and good maneuverability and off-road performance. It can travel and operate freely in various complex terrains and small spaces, whether it is areas with large terrain fluctuations such as mountainous areas and hills, or places with limited space such as urban construction sites. For example, in rural construction, small road construction or engineering projects in remote areas, due to site conditions, large concrete mixing plants are difficult to operate, while concrete self-loading mixer trucks can be driven directly to the construction site, using local materials for concrete mixing and transportation, which greatly improves the convenience of construction. The vehicle is also equipped with an intelligent operating system, which operators can master after simple training, reducing the difficulty of manual operation and improving work efficiency.​

(V) Save costs and improve economic benefits​

From the perspective of labor costs, traditional concrete mixing operations require a large number of workers to load, mix, and transport concrete, while self-loading concrete mixer trucks only require 1-2 operators to complete the entire process, greatly reducing labor costs. Taking a medium-sized construction project as an example, the use of self-loading mixer trucks can save about 50% of labor costs compared to traditional mixing methods. In terms of material costs, self-loading mixer trucks can accurately control the proportion of raw materials, avoid material waste caused by inaccurate manual batching, and reduce material costs. In addition, since self-loading mixer trucks can mix concrete directly at the construction site, the intermediate links of purchasing commercial concrete are reduced, and the price of commercial concrete is usually high. For example, the price of C30 concrete is about 300 yuan/m3 (prices vary in different regions). Using self-loading mixer trucks to mix raw materials by themselves can reduce costs by about 20%-30%. Considering multiple factors such as labor costs and material costs, self-loading concrete mixer trucks can save a lot of costs for construction companies and significantly improve economic benefits.​

Concrete self-loading mixer trucks play an increasingly important role in modern engineering construction due to their unique structural design, advanced working principle, high automation, high-quality mixing, energy saving and environmental protection, flexibility and convenience, and cost savings. Whether it is a large-scale infrastructure construction project or a small civil construction project, it can provide efficient and reliable solutions for concrete production and become an important force in promoting the development of the construction industry. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, concrete self-loading mixer trucks will continue to innovate and optimize, bringing more convenience and value to the field of engineering construction.

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